Ecology is the study of the interactions between living organisms, and their physical environment.
All organisms such as plants, animals, microbes, human beings continuously interact with each other and with their surroundings. these interactions are necessary for their development and survival. An area with its living and non-living components is termed an ecosystem and it is a functional unit of nature.
 |
| Photoperiodism |
1. 1. Ecology term was Coined by
A)
Ernst Haeckel
B)
Herbert Spencer
C)
Carl Linnaeus
D)
Victor Hensen
2. 2. Heliophytes are plants which grow best in
A)
salty areas
B)
freshwater
C)
full sunlight
D)
shade conditions
3. 3. the plants which grow best in shade conditions
are called
A)
bryophytes
B)
Halophytes
C)
Epiphytes
D)
Sciophytes
|
1. Grow
best at low intensities of light |
A) Heliophytes |
|
2. Grow
in shade, but can grow very well under sunlight |
B) Sciophytes |
|
3. Grow
in sunlight, but can grow very well under shade |
C) facultative
sciophytes |
|
4. Grow
best at high intensities of light |
D) Facultative
heliophytes |
A)
1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
B)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
C)
1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
D)
1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
5. 5. Match the
following
|
1.develop
and flower when the photoperiod is less than a critical |
A) long-day
plants |
i.
Salvia splendens, Cannabis
sativa, Datura stramonium |
|
2. Need
photoperiod more than the critical level |
B) short-day
plants |
ii.
Secale cereal, Sonchus oleraceum
Sorghum vulgare. |
|
3. Development
not related to the photoperiod |
C) Day
neutral plants |
Iii.
Cucumis sativus, Gossypium
hirsutum, Nicotiana tabacum |
A)
1-A-iii, 2-B-i, 3-C-ii
B)
1-C-iii, 2-A-ii, 3-A-i
C)
1-B-ii, 2-A-i, 3-C-iii
D)
1-B-ii, 2-A-iii, 3-C- i
6. 6. Match the following
|
i.
Light regulate speed of locomotion |
A) phototactic |
|
ii.
Light determines the orientation of locomotion |
B) photokinesis |
|
iii.
Movement of a body part in response to light |
C) phototropism |
A)
1-A, 2-C, 3-B
B)
1-C, 2-A, 3-B
C)
1-A, 2-B, 3-C
D)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C
7. 7. Match the following
|
1.
Dehydration and injury of tissue due to rapid
transpiration and slow absorption in winter |
A) desiccation |
|
2.
Injury of plants living in a hot climate, when
exposed to low temperature |
B) Freezing
injury |
|
3.
At low-temperature levels, ice crystals form
in the plant, tissues will destroy the cell |
C) chilling
injury |
A)
1-A, 2-C, 3-B
B)
1-C, 2-A, 3-B
C)
1-A, 2-B, 3-C
D)
1-B, 2-A, 3-C
8. 8. Match the following
|
A) Jordan’s
rule |
i.
Animals live in cold climates have shorter
ear, limbs and appendages than those living in a warmer area |
|
B) Gloger’s
rule |
ii.
Animals in colder environments tend to
have a larger body size than the animals found in the warmer region. |
|
C) Allen’s
rule |
iii.
Within a species of endotherms, more pigmented
forms found towards the equator. |
|
D) Bergman’s
rule |
iv. The vertebral number increases with latitude in
fishes |
A)
A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
B)
A-ii, B-I, C-iv, D-iii
C)
A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
D)
A-i, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii
9. 9. The population of birds in the colder region will
tend to have relatively narrow and more acuminate wings than those in warmer
regions.
A)
Allen’s rule
B)
Gause’s hypothesis
C)
Rensch's rule
D)
Jordon's rule
10.
Match the following
|
1. Megatherms |
i.
Coniferous type forests |
a) Low temp. throughout the year |
|
2. Mesotherms |
ii.
Tropical rain forest |
b) Very
low temperature |
|
3. Microtherms |
iii.
Tropical deciduous forest |
c) High temp. throughout the year |
|
4. Hekistotherms |
iv.
Alpine vegetation |
d) High
temperature alternate with low temperature |
A)
1-iv-b, 2-iii-a, 3-i-c, 4-ii-d
B)
1-ii-c, 2-iv-a, 3-iii-b, 4-ii-d
C)
1-i-a, 2-iii-b, 3-ii-c, 4-iv-d
D)
1-ii-c, 2-iii-d, 3-i-a, 4-iv-b
Answer key:
|
1 |
A |
|
2 |
C |
|
3 |
D |
|
4 |
C |
|
5 |
C |
|
6 |
D |
|
7 |
A |
|
8 |
A |
|
9 |
C |
|
10 |
D |
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